40 - Zirconium transition metal
Discovered by Martin Klaproth in 1789
Zirconium is a chemical element with symbol Zr and atomic number 40. The name of zirconium is taken from the name of the mineral zircon, the most important source of zirconium. The word zircon comes from the Persian word zargun زرگون, meaning "gold-colored".
H He Li Be B C N O F Ne Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe Cs Ba La Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn Fr Ra Ac Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rg Cn Nh Fl Mc Lv Ts Og
57-71 La-Lu Lanthanides
89-103 Ac-Lr Actinides
| Shell | Electrons | Orbitals |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 | 2 in 1s |
| 2 | 8 | 2 in 2s + 6 in 2p |
| 3 | 18 | 2 in 3s + 6 in 3p + 10 in 3d |
| 4 | 10 | 2 in 4s + 6 in 4p + 2 in 4d |
| 5 | 2 | 2 in 5s |
silvery white Appearance
91.2 u Atomic Mass
1.55 Å Atomic Radius
4.68k K Boiling Point
4 Group
4 Common Oxidation States
1.75 Å Covalent Radius
6.52 g/cm³ Density
41.8 kJ/mol Electron Affinity
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d2 Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d2 5s2 Electron Configuration (semantic)
1.33 Electronegativity
40 Electrons
6.63 eV First Ionization Energy
2, 3, 4 ICSD Oxidation States
640.1, 1270, 2218, 3313, 7752, 9500 kJ/mol Ionization Energies
2.13k K Melting Point
49 Mendeleev Number
25.4 J/(mol·K) Molar Heat
5 Number of Shells
51 Neutrons
40 Atomic Number
20 Number of Isotopes
1, 2, 3, 4 Oxidation States
5 Period
Solid Phase
40 Protons
2, 8, 18, 10, 2 Electron Shell Occupations