13 - Aluminium post-transition metal
Discovered by Hans Christian Ørsted in 1827
Aluminium (or aluminum; see different endings) is a chemical element in the boron group with symbol Al and atomic number 13. It is a silvery-white, soft, nonmagnetic, ductile metal. Aluminium is the third most abundant element (after oxygen and silicon), and the most abundant metal, in the Earth's crust.
H He Li Be B C N O F Ne Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe Cs Ba La Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn Fr Ra Ac Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rg Cn Nh Fl Mc Lv Ts Og
57-71 La-Lu Lanthanides
89-103 Ac-Lr Actinides
| Shell | Electrons | Orbitals |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 | 2 in 1s |
| 2 | 8 | 2 in 2s + 6 in 2p |
| 3 | 3 | 2 in 3s + 1 in 3p |
silvery gray metallic Appearance
27 u Atomic Mass
1.25 Å Atomic Radius
2.79k K Boiling Point
13 Group
3 Common Oxidation States
1.21 Å Covalent Radius
2.7 g/cm³ Density
41.8 kJ/mol Electron Affinity
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p1 Electron Configuration
[Ne] 3s2 3p1 Electron Configuration (semantic)
1.61 Electronegativity
13 Electrons
5.99 eV First Ionization Energy
3 ICSD Oxidation States
577.5, 1816.7, 2744.8, 11577, 14842, 18379, 23326, 27465, 31853, 38473, 42647, 201266, 222316 kJ/mol Ionization Energies
933 K Melting Point
80 Mendeleev Number
24.2 J/(mol·K) Molar Heat
3 Number of Shells
3 Electron Valency
14 Neutrons
13 Atomic Number
8 Number of Isotopes
1, 3 Oxidation States
3 Period
Solid Phase
13 Protons
2, 8, 3 Electron Shell Occupations
0.897 J/(g K) Specific Heat