58 - Cerium lanthanide
Discovered by Martin Klaproth in 1803
Cerium is a chemical element with symbol Ce and atomic number 58. It is a soft, silvery, ductile metal which easily oxidizes in air. Cerium was named after the dwarf planet Ceres (itself named after the Roman goddess of agriculture).
H He Li Be B C N O F Ne Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe Cs Ba La Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn Fr Ra Ac Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rg Cn Nh Fl Mc Lv Ts Og
57-71 La-Lu Lanthanides
89-103 Ac-Lr Actinides
| Shell | Electrons | Orbitals |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 | 2 in 1s |
| 2 | 8 | 2 in 2s + 6 in 2p |
| 3 | 18 | 2 in 3s + 6 in 3p + 10 in 3d |
| 4 | 19 | 2 in 4s + 6 in 4p + 10 in 4d + 1 in 4f |
| 5 | 9 | 2 in 5s + 6 in 5p + 1 in 5d |
| 6 | 2 | 2 in 6s |
silvery white Appearance
140 u Atomic Mass
1.85 Å Atomic Radius
3.72k K Boiling Point
4 Group
3, 4 Common Oxidation States
2.04 Å Covalent Radius
6.77 g/cm³ Density
55 kJ/mol Electron Affinity
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 5d1 4f1 Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f1 5d1 6s2 Electron Configuration (semantic)
1.12 Electronegativity
58 Electrons
5.54 eV First Ionization Energy
3, 4 ICSD Oxidation States
534.4, 1050, 1949, 3547, 6325, 7490 kJ/mol Ionization Energies
1.07k K Melting Point
32 Mendeleev Number
26.9 J/(mol·K) Molar Heat
6 Number of Shells
82 Neutrons
58 Atomic Number
19 Number of Isotopes
2, 3, 4 Oxidation States
6 Period
Solid Phase
58 Protons
2, 8, 18, 19, 9, 2 Electron Shell Occupations