5 - Boron metalloid

Discovered by Joseph Gay-Lussac in 1808

  • Atomic Radius (Å)
  • Cividis
Boron

Boron is a metalloid chemical element with symbol B and atomic number 5. Produced entirely by cosmic ray spallation and supernovae and not by stellar nucleosynthesis, it is a low-abundance element in both the Solar system and the Earth's crust. Boron is concentrated on Earth by the water-solubility of its more common naturally occurring compounds, the borate minerals.

H He Li Be B C N O F Ne Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe Cs Ba La Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn Fr Ra Ac Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rg Cn Nh Fl Mc Lv Ts Og
57-71 La-Lu Lanthanides
89-103 Ac-Lr Actinides
 Shell Electrons Orbitals
122 in 1s
232 in 2s + 1 in 2p
BoronBElectron 1Electron 2Electron 1Electron 2Electron 3
black-brown Appearance
10.8  u Atomic Mass
0.85  Å Atomic Radius
4.2k  K Boiling Point
13 Group
3 Common Oxidation States
0.84  Å Covalent Radius
2.08  g/cm³ Density
27  kJ/mol Electron Affinity
1s2 2s2 2p1 Electron Configuration
[He] 2s2 2p1 Electron Configuration (semantic)
2.04 Electronegativity
5 Electrons
8.3  eV First Ionization Energy
-3, 3 ICSD Oxidation States
800.6, 2427.1, 3659.7, 25025.8, 32826.7  kJ/mol Ionization Energies
2.57k  K Melting Point
86 Mendeleev Number
11.1  J/(mol·K) Molar Heat
2 Number of Shells
3 Electron Valency
6 Neutrons
5 Atomic Number
6 Number of Isotopes
1, 2, 3 Oxidation States
2 Period
Solid Phase
5 Protons
2, 3 Electron Shell Occupations
1.03  J/(g K) Specific Heat