16 - Sulfur polyatomic nonmetal

Discovered by Ancient china in 1809

  • Cividis
Sulfur

Sulfur or sulphur (see spelling differences) is a chemical element with symbol S and atomic number 16. It is an abundant, multivalent non-metal. Under normal conditions, sulfur atoms form cyclic octatomic molecules with chemical formula S8.

Periodic table

 Shell Electrons Orbitals
122 in 1s
282 in 2s + 6 in 2p
362 in 3s + 4 in 3p

Electron shells

lemon yellow sintered microcrystals Appearance
32.1  u Atomic Mass
1  Å Atomic Radius
718  K Boiling Point
16 Group
-2, 2, 4, 6 Common Oxidation States
1.05  Å Covalent Radius
2.07  g/cm³ Density
200  kJ/mol Electron Affinity
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p4 Electron Configuration
[Ne] 3s2 3p4 Electron Configuration (semantic)
2.58 Electronegativity
16 Electrons
10.4  eV First Ionization Energy
-2, -1, 2, 4, 6 ICSD Oxidation States
999.6, 2252, 3357, 4556, 7004.3, 8495.8, 27107, 31719, 36621, 43177, 48710, 54460, 62930, 68216, 311048, 337138  kJ/mol Ionization Energies
389  K Melting Point
94 Mendeleev Number
22.8  J/(mol·K) Molar Heat
3 Number of Shells
6 Electron Valency
16 Neutrons
16 Atomic Number
10 Number of Isotopes
-2, -1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 Oxidation States
3 Period
Solid Phase
16 Protons
2, 8, 6 Electron Shell Occupations
0.71  J/(g K) Specific Heat