64 - Gadolinium lanthanide
Discovered by Jean de Marignac in 1880
Gadolinium is a chemical element with symbol Gd and atomic number 64. It is a silvery-white, malleable and ductile rare-earth metal. It is found in nature only in combined (salt) form.
H He Li Be B C N O F Ne Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe Cs Ba La Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn Fr Ra Ac Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rg Cn Nh Fl Mc Lv Ts Og
57-71 La-Lu Lanthanides
89-103 Ac-Lr Actinides
| Shell | Electrons | Orbitals |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 | 2 in 1s |
| 2 | 8 | 2 in 2s + 6 in 2p |
| 3 | 18 | 2 in 3s + 6 in 3p + 10 in 3d |
| 4 | 25 | 2 in 4s + 6 in 4p + 10 in 4d + 7 in 4f |
| 5 | 9 | 2 in 5s + 6 in 5p + 1 in 5d |
| 6 | 2 | 2 in 6s |
silvery white Appearance
157 u Atomic Mass
1.8 Å Atomic Radius
3.55k K Boiling Point
10 Group
3 Common Oxidation States
1.96 Å Covalent Radius
7.9 g/cm³ Density
13.2 kJ/mol Electron Affinity
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f7 5d1 Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f7 5d1 6s2 Electron Configuration (semantic)
1.2 Electronegativity
64 Electrons
6.15 eV First Ionization Energy
3 ICSD Oxidation States
593.4, 1170, 1990, 4250 kJ/mol Ionization Energies
1.59k K Melting Point
27 Mendeleev Number
37 J/(mol·K) Molar Heat
6 Number of Shells
93 Neutrons
64 Atomic Number
17 Number of Isotopes
1, 2, 3 Oxidation States
6 Period
Solid Phase
64 Protons
2, 8, 18, 25, 9, 2 Electron Shell Occupations