25 - Manganese transition metal
Discovered by Torbern Olof Bergman in 1774
Manganese is a chemical element with symbol Mn and atomic number 25. It is not found as a free element in nature; it is often found in combination with iron, and in many minerals. Manganese is a metal with important industrial metal alloy uses, particularly in stainless steels.
H He Li Be B C N O F Ne Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe Cs Ba La Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn Fr Ra Ac Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rg Cn Nh Fl Mc Lv Ts Og
57-71 La-Lu Lanthanides
89-103 Ac-Lr Actinides
| Shell | Electrons | Orbitals |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 | 2 in 1s |
| 2 | 8 | 2 in 2s + 6 in 2p |
| 3 | 13 | 2 in 3s + 6 in 3p + 5 in 3d |
| 4 | 2 | 2 in 4s |
silvery metallic Appearance
54.9 u Atomic Mass
1.4 Å Atomic Radius
2.33k K Boiling Point
7 Group
2, 4, 7 Common Oxidation States
1.39 Å Covalent Radius
7.21 g/cm³ Density
−50 kJ/mol Electron Affinity
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d5 Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d5 4s2 Electron Configuration (semantic)
1.55 Electronegativity
25 Electrons
7.43 eV First Ionization Energy
2, 3, 4, 7 ICSD Oxidation States
717.3, 1509, 3248, 4940, 6990, 9220, 11500, 18770, 21400, 23960, 27590, 30330, 33150, 38880, 41987, 109480, 118100, 127100, 138600, 148500, 158600, 172500, 181380, 785450, 827067 kJ/mol Ionization Energies
1.52k K Melting Point
60 Mendeleev Number
26.3 J/(mol·K) Molar Heat
4 Number of Shells
30 Neutrons
25 Atomic Number
11 Number of Isotopes
-3, -2, -1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 Oxidation States
4 Period
Solid Phase
25 Protons
2, 8, 13, 2 Electron Shell Occupations