29 - Copper transition metal
Discovered by Middle East in ~9000 BC
Copper is a chemical element with symbol Cu (from Latin:cuprum) and atomic number 29. It is a soft, malleable and ductile metal with very high thermal and electrical conductivity. A freshly exposed surface of pure copper has a reddish-orange color.
Periodic table
| Shell | Electrons | Orbitals |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 | 2 in 1s |
| 2 | 8 | 2 in 2s + 6 in 2p |
| 3 | 18 | 2 in 3s + 6 in 3p + 10 in 3d |
| 4 | 1 | 1 in 4s |
Electron shells
red-orange metallic luster Appearance
63.5 u Atomic Mass
1.35 Å Atomic Radius
2.84k K Boiling Point
11 Group
2 Common Oxidation States
1.32 Å Covalent Radius
8.96 g/cm³ Density
119 kJ/mol Electron Affinity
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s1 3d10 Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d10 4s1 Electron Configuration (semantic)
1.9 Electronegativity
29 Electrons
7.73 eV First Ionization Energy
1, 2, 3 ICSD Oxidation States
745.5, 1957.9, 3555, 5536, 7700, 9900, 13400, 16000, 19200, 22400, 25600, 35600, 38700, 42000, 46700, 50200, 53700, 61100, 64702, 163700, 174100, 184900, 198800, 210500, 222700, 239100, 249660, 1067358, 1116105 kJ/mol Ionization Energies
1.36k K Melting Point
72 Mendeleev Number
24.4 J/(mol·K) Molar Heat
4 Number of Shells
35 Neutrons
29 Atomic Number
11 Number of Isotopes
1, 2, 3, 4 Oxidation States
4 Period
Solid Phase
29 Protons
2, 8, 18, 1 Electron Shell Occupations