29 - Copper transition metal

Discovered by Middle East in ~9000 BC

  • Atomic Radius (Å)
  • Cividis
Copper

Copper is a chemical element with symbol Cu (from Latin:cuprum) and atomic number 29. It is a soft, malleable and ductile metal with very high thermal and electrical conductivity. A freshly exposed surface of pure copper has a reddish-orange color.

H He Li Be B C N O F Ne Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe Cs Ba La Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn Fr Ra Ac Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rg Cn Nh Fl Mc Lv Ts Og
57-71 La-Lu Lanthanides
89-103 Ac-Lr Actinides
 Shell Electrons Orbitals
122 in 1s
282 in 2s + 6 in 2p
3182 in 3s + 6 in 3p + 10 in 3d
411 in 4s
CopperCuElectron 1Electron 2Electron 1Electron 2Electron 3Electron 4Electron 5Electron 6Electron 7Electron 8Electron 1Electron 2Electron 3Electron 4Electron 5Electron 6Electron 7Electron 8Electron 9Electron 10Electron 11Electron 12Electron 13Electron 14Electron 15Electron 16Electron 17Electron 18Electron 1
red-orange metallic luster Appearance
63.5  u Atomic Mass
1.35  Å Atomic Radius
2.84k  K Boiling Point
11 Group
2 Common Oxidation States
1.32  Å Covalent Radius
8.96  g/cm³ Density
119  kJ/mol Electron Affinity
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s1 3d10 Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d10 4s1 Electron Configuration (semantic)
1.9 Electronegativity
29 Electrons
7.73  eV First Ionization Energy
1, 2, 3 ICSD Oxidation States
745.5, 1957.9, 3555, 5536, 7700, 9900, 13400, 16000, 19200, 22400, 25600, 35600, 38700, 42000, 46700, 50200, 53700, 61100, 64702, 163700, 174100, 184900, 198800, 210500, 222700, 239100, 249660, 1067358, 1116105  kJ/mol Ionization Energies
1.36k  K Melting Point
72 Mendeleev Number
24.4  J/(mol·K) Molar Heat
4 Number of Shells
35 Neutrons
29 Atomic Number
11 Number of Isotopes
1, 2, 3, 4 Oxidation States
4 Period
Solid Phase
29 Protons
2, 8, 18, 1 Electron Shell Occupations