14 - Silicon metalloid

Discovered by Jöns Jacob Berzelius in 1824

  • Cividis
Silicon

Silicon is a chemical element with symbol Si and atomic number 14. It is a tetravalent metalloid, more reactive than germanium, the metalloid directly below it in the table. Controversy about silicon's character dates to its discovery.

Periodic table

 Shell Electrons Orbitals
122 in 1s
282 in 2s + 6 in 2p
342 in 3s + 2 in 3p

Electron shells

crystalline, reflective with bluish-tinged faces Appearance
28.1  u Atomic Mass
1.1  Å Atomic Radius
3.54k  K Boiling Point
14 Group
-4, 4 Common Oxidation States
1.11  Å Covalent Radius
2.33  g/cm³ Density
134  kJ/mol Electron Affinity
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p2 Electron Configuration
[Ne] 3s2 3p2 Electron Configuration (semantic)
1.9 Electronegativity
14 Electrons
8.15  eV First Ionization Energy
-4, 4 ICSD Oxidation States
786.5, 1577.1, 3231.6, 4355.5, 16091, 19805, 23780, 29287, 33878, 38726, 45962, 50502, 235196, 257923  kJ/mol Ionization Energies
1.68k  K Melting Point
85 Mendeleev Number
19.8  J/(mol·K) Molar Heat
3 Number of Shells
4 Electron Valency
14 Neutrons
14 Atomic Number
8 Number of Isotopes
-4, -3, -2, -1, 1, 2, 3, 4 Oxidation States
3 Period
Solid Phase
14 Protons
2, 8, 4 Electron Shell Occupations
0.705  J/(g K) Specific Heat