14 - Silicon metalloid
Discovered by Jöns Jacob Berzelius in 1824
Silicon is a chemical element with symbol Si and atomic number 14. It is a tetravalent metalloid, more reactive than germanium, the metalloid directly below it in the table. Controversy about silicon's character dates to its discovery.
H He Li Be B C N O F Ne Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe Cs Ba La Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn Fr Ra Ac Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rg Cn Nh Fl Mc Lv Ts Og
57-71 La-Lu Lanthanides
89-103 Ac-Lr Actinides
| Shell | Electrons | Orbitals |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 | 2 in 1s |
| 2 | 8 | 2 in 2s + 6 in 2p |
| 3 | 4 | 2 in 3s + 2 in 3p |
28.1 u Atomic Mass
1.5 Å Atomic Radius
3.54k K Boiling Point
1.11 Å Covalent Radius
2.33 g/cm³ Density
134 Electron Affinity
1.9 Electronegativity
8.15 eV First Ionization Energy
1.68k K Melting Point
3 Number of Shells
4 Electron Valency
14 Atomic Number
2, 8, 4 Electron Shell Occupations
0.705 J/(g K) Specific Heat