46 - Palladium transition metal
Discovered by William Wollaston in 1803
Palladium is a chemical element with symbol Pd and atomic number 46. It is a rare and lustrous silvery-white metal discovered in 1803 by William Hyde Wollaston. He named it after the asteroid Pallas, which was itself named after the epithet of the Greek goddess Athena, acquired by her when she slew Pallas.
H He Li Be B C N O F Ne Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe Cs Ba La Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn Fr Ra Ac Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rg Cn Nh Fl Mc Lv Ts Og
57-71 La-Lu Lanthanides
89-103 Ac-Lr Actinides
| Shell | Electrons | Orbitals |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 | 2 in 1s |
| 2 | 8 | 2 in 2s + 6 in 2p |
| 3 | 18 | 2 in 3s + 6 in 3p + 10 in 3d |
| 4 | 18 | 2 in 4s + 6 in 4p + 10 in 4d |
silvery white Appearance
106 u Atomic Mass
1.4 Å Atomic Radius
3.24k K Boiling Point
10 Group
2, 4 Common Oxidation States
1.39 Å Covalent Radius
12 g/cm³ Density
54.2 kJ/mol Electron Affinity
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 4d10 Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d10 Electron Configuration (semantic)
2.2 Electronegativity
46 Electrons
8.34 eV First Ionization Energy
2, 4 ICSD Oxidation States
804.4, 1870, 3177 kJ/mol Ionization Energies
1.83k K Melting Point
69 Mendeleev Number
26 J/(mol·K) Molar Heat
5 Number of Shells
60 Neutrons
46 Atomic Number
21 Number of Isotopes
2, 4 Oxidation States
5 Period
Solid Phase
46 Protons
2, 8, 18, 18 Electron Shell Occupations