79 - Gold transition metal
Discovered by Middle East in unknown
Gold is a chemical element with symbol Au (from Latin:aurum) and atomic number 79. In its purest form, it is a bright, slightly reddish yellow, dense, soft, malleable and ductile metal. Chemically, gold is a transition metal and a group 11 element.
H He Li Be B C N O F Ne Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe Cs Ba La Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn Fr Ra Ac Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rg Cn Nh Fl Mc Lv Ts Og
57-71 La-Lu Lanthanides
89-103 Ac-Lr Actinides
| Shell | Electrons | Orbitals |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 | 2 in 1s |
| 2 | 8 | 2 in 2s + 6 in 2p |
| 3 | 18 | 2 in 3s + 6 in 3p + 10 in 3d |
| 4 | 32 | 2 in 4s + 6 in 4p + 10 in 4d + 14 in 4f |
| 5 | 18 | 2 in 5s + 6 in 5p + 10 in 5d |
| 6 | 1 | 1 in 6s |
metallic yellow Appearance
197 u Atomic Mass
1.35 Å Atomic Radius
3.13k K Boiling Point
11 Group
3 Common Oxidation States
1.36 Å Covalent Radius
19.3 g/cm³ Density
223 kJ/mol Electron Affinity
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s1 4f14 5d10 Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s1 Electron Configuration (semantic)
2.54 Electronegativity
79 Electrons
9.23 eV First Ionization Energy
890.1, 1980 kJ/mol Ionization Energies
1.34k K Melting Point
70 Mendeleev Number
25.4 J/(mol·K) Molar Heat
6 Number of Shells
118 Neutrons
79 Atomic Number
21 Number of Isotopes
-1, 1, 2, 3, 5 Oxidation States
6 Period
Solid Phase
79 Protons
2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 1 Electron Shell Occupations
0.129 J/(g K) Specific Heat