83 - Bismuth post-transition metal
Discovered by Claude François Geoffroy in 1753
Bismuth is a chemical element with symbol Bi and atomic number 83. Bismuth, a pentavalent post-transition metal, chemically resembles arsenic and antimony. Elemental bismuth may occur naturally, although its sulfide and oxide form important commercial ores.
Periodic table
| Shell | Electrons | Orbitals |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 | 2 in 1s |
| 2 | 8 | 2 in 2s + 6 in 2p |
| 3 | 18 | 2 in 3s + 6 in 3p + 10 in 3d |
| 4 | 32 | 2 in 4s + 6 in 4p + 10 in 4d + 14 in 4f |
| 5 | 18 | 2 in 5s + 6 in 5p + 10 in 5d |
| 6 | 5 | 2 in 6s + 3 in 6p |
Electron shells
lustrous silver Appearance
209 u Atomic Mass
1.6 Å Atomic Radius
1.84k K Boiling Point
15 Group
3 Common Oxidation States
1.48 Å Covalent Radius
9.78 g/cm³ Density
90.9 kJ/mol Electron Affinity
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p3 Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p3 Electron Configuration (semantic)
2.02 Electronegativity
83 Electrons
7.29 eV First Ionization Energy
1, 2, 3, 5 ICSD Oxidation States
703, 1610, 2466, 4370, 5400, 8520 kJ/mol Ionization Energies
545 K Melting Point
87 Mendeleev Number
25.5 J/(mol·K) Molar Heat
6 Number of Shells
5 Electron Valency
126 Neutrons
83 Atomic Number
19 Number of Isotopes
-3, 3, 5 Oxidation States
6 Period
Solid Phase
83 Protons
2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 5 Electron Shell Occupations
0.122 J/(g K) Specific Heat