6 - Carbon polyatomic nonmetal
Discovered by Ancient Egypt in unknown
Carbon (from Latin:carbo "coal") is a chemical element with symbol C and atomic number 6. On the periodic table, it is the first (row 2) of six elements in column (group) 14, which have in common the composition of their outer electron shell. It is nonmetallic and tetravalent—making four electrons available to form covalent chemical bonds.
Periodic table
| Shell | Electrons | Orbitals |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 | 2 in 1s |
| 2 | 4 | 2 in 2s + 2 in 2p |
Electron shells
12 u Atomic Mass
0.7 Å Atomic Radius
4.3k K Boiling Point
14 Group
-4, -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 Common Oxidation States
0.76 Å Covalent Radius
1.82 g/cm³ Density
122 kJ/mol Electron Affinity
1s2 2s2 2p2 Electron Configuration
[He] 2s2 2p2 Electron Configuration (semantic)
2.55 Electronegativity
6 Electrons
11.3 eV First Ionization Energy
-4, -3, -2, 2, 3, 4 ICSD Oxidation States
1086.5, 2352.6, 4620.5, 6222.7, 37831, 47277 kJ/mol Ionization Energies
3.95k K Melting Point
95 Mendeleev Number
8.52 J/(mol·K) Molar Heat
2 Number of Shells
4 Electron Valency
6 Neutrons
6 Atomic Number
7 Number of Isotopes
-4, -3, -2, -1, 1, 2, 3, 4 Oxidation States
2 Period
Solid Phase
6 Protons
2, 4 Electron Shell Occupations